Introduction
Timber-framed buildings hold a significant place in architectural history, showcasing craftsmanship and enduring beauty. However, improper preservation practices and the use of modern materials have led to various issues that compromise the integrity of these structures. This article aims to shed light on common timber frame problems and highlight the importance of conservation and restoration techniques in preserving timber framed buildings.
The Pitfall of Tar and Modern Paints
Traditionally, tar or pitch were applied to oak frames as a means of sealing and preserving the wood. Unfortunately, this practice can have detrimental effects. The use of tar or modern paints, especially the popular trend of painting oak frames black, traps moisture within the wood, leading to rot. To ensure the long-term health of the timber, conservation and restoration efforts involve the removal of paints, allowing the wood to breathe and dry out effectively.
Cement and Putty: Enemies of the Timber Frame
Over time, joints and cracks in Timber frames may deteriorate, prompting the use of cement or putty as fillers. However, this approach inadvertently traps water against the timber, accelerating the rotting process. It is crucial to recognise that such materials should be avoided in the restoration process to prevent further damage. Instead, appropriate techniques that promote ventilation and moisture control must be employed.
Beware of Modern Sealants
Modern sealants like silicone, acrylic caulk, mastic, foam, and putty, often used around infill panels, can have catastrophic consequences for timber frames. These materials create a seal that allows water to accumulate against the timber, leading to rapid rot. Restoration experts prioritise the use of alternative materials that facilitate breathability and prevent moisture entrapment.
Brick Infill Panels and Cement Renders
As original wattle and daub or lath and lime plaster panels deteriorate, they are sometimes replaced with brick infill panels using cement mortar. Unfortunately, this substitution introduces additional weight to the frame, causing distortion and potential collapse. Additionally, brick and cement retain moisture, leading to rot in the timber frame. Restoration efforts involve careful removal of these panels and the application of lime mortar and render, ensuring the preservation of the timber frame’s integrity.
The Perils of Modern Paints on Infill Panels
Infill panels, such as daub panels, are often painted with modern acrylic or gloss white paints, which trap moisture and contribute to the rotting of the surrounding timber, staves, and withies. Restoration specialists advocate for the removal of such paints to allow the panel to breathe and prevent moisture accumulation, thereby safeguarding the long-term health of the timber.
Galvanised Mesh and Lime Renders
A common mistake in restoration projects is the application of galvanised mesh beneath lime renders, often mixed with cement, which eventually leads to cracking and render detachment. Lime reacts with the galvanising in the mesh, undermining the integrity of the finish. Restoration work necessitates the removal of these materials and their replacement with traditional alternatives, such as lime render.
Conclusion
The conservation and restoration of timber framed buildings require a meticulous approach to tackle various timber frame problems. By avoiding the use of moisture-trapping materials, adopting proper ventilation techniques, and reverting to traditional practices, we can ensure the preservation of these architectural treasures for generations to come. By embracing the art of conservation, we safeguard the structural integrity and historical significance of timber framed buildings.
